|
Lower Yangtze Mandarin () is one of the most divergent groups of Mandarin dialects, as it neighbors the Wu, Hui, and Gan groups of Chinese varieties. It is also known as Jiang–Huai Mandarin (), after the Yangtze (Jiang) and Huai Rivers. Lower Yangtze dialects are distinguished from most other Mandarin varieties by their retention of a final glottal stop in words that ended in a final stop in Middle Chinese. ==Features and location== Sixty-seven million people speak Jianghuai Mandarin. Some features of Jianghuai Mandarin include retention of Middle Chinese syllable-final stops. The Portuguese Chinese Dictionary (PCD) written by missionaries during the Ming dynasty categorized several Jianghuai dialects with rounded finals. The eastern and southeastern variants of Jianghuai contain these rounded finals, Nanjing dialect, on the other hand, is located in another group. Lower Yangtze Mandarin is spoken in parts of Anhui and Hubei provinces north of the Yangtze, as well as some areas of Jiangsu〔 〕 north of the river,〔 (the University of California)〕 most notably in the former capital of Nanjing, as well as Jiujiang in Jiangxi province. It is one of the few Mandarin dialects to retain the entering tone (''ru sheng'' 入聲) of Middle Chinese (as a final glottal stop) like Jin Chinese, and for this retention of the entering tone Jianghuai is compared to its non-Mandarin neighbors to the south. The retension of the entering tone is considered a unique feature of Jianghuai which sets it apart from other the other Mandarin dialects. It has largely lost initial ''n'', replacing it with ''l''. Some Jianghuai dialects have five tones due to the preservation of the ''rù'' tone of Middle Chinese, more than four toned Standard Mandarin which lost the ''rù'' tone.〔 〕 In Jianghuai, verbs which meant "to share, to gather, to mix, to accompany" gave rise to disposal markers which mean "and, with" similar to 跟 ''gen''. Jiangsu province contains the border in which Jianghuai and Northern Mandarin are split.〔 (the University of Michigan) () 〕 Jianghuai Mandarin shares some characteristics with Ming dynasty Southern Mandarin.〔 (the University of California)〕 Peking opera got its start in parts of Anhui and Hubei which spoke this dialect. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lower Yangtze Mandarin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|